// src/error.rs
use thiserror::Error;

#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum AppError {
    #[error("Database error: {0}")]
    Database(#[from] sqlx::Error),

    #[error("HTTP error: {0}")]
    Http(#[from] reqwest::Error),

    #[error("Serialization error: {0}")]
    Serialization(#[from] serde_json::Error),

    #[error("Validation error: {message}")]
    Validation { message: String },

    #[error("Not found: {entity} with id {id}")]
    NotFound { entity: String, id: String },
}

/// Crate-wide Result alias — every function returns this
pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, AppError>;

use crate::error::{AppError, Result};

// Assumes a database pool is available, e.g.:
// async fn get_user(pool: &PgPool, id: Uuid) -> Result<User>
// Here we show the pattern with `pool` as shorthand.
pub async fn get_user(id: Uuid) -> Result<User> {
    let user = sqlx::query_as!(User, "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1", id)
        .fetch_optional(&pool)
        .await?;  // sqlx::Error → AppError::Database via #[from]

    user.ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound {
        entity: "User".into(),
        id: id.to_string(),
    })
}

pub async fn create_user(req: CreateUserRequest) -> Result<User> {
    if req.name.trim().is_empty() {
        return Err(AppError::Validation {
            message: "Name cannot be empty".into(),
        });
    }
    // ...
}

// C# equivalent pattern
public class AppException : Exception
{
    public string ErrorCode { get; }
    public AppException(string code, string message) : base(message)
    {
        ErrorCode = code;
    }
}

// But in C#, callers don't know what exceptions to expect!
// In Rust, the error type is in the function signature.

// thiserror — for LIBRARIES (callers need to match on error variants)
use thiserror::Error;

#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum StorageError {
    #[error("File not found: {path}")]
    NotFound { path: String },

    #[error("Permission denied: {0}")]
    PermissionDenied(String),

    #[error(transparent)]
    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
}

pub fn read_config(path: &str) -> Result<String, StorageError> {
    std::fs::read_to_string(path).map_err(|e| match e.kind() {
        std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => StorageError::NotFound { path: path.into() },
        std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => StorageError::PermissionDenied(path.into()),
        _ => StorageError::Io(e),
    })
}

// anyhow — for APPLICATIONS (just propagate errors, don't define types)
use anyhow::{Context, Result};

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let config = std::fs::read_to_string("config.toml")
        .context("Failed to read config file")?;

    let port: u16 = config.parse()
        .context("Failed to parse port number")?;

    println!("Listening on port {port}");
    Ok(())
}
// anyhow::Result<T> = Result<T, anyhow::Error>
// .context() adds human-readable context to any error

// C# comparison:
// thiserror ≈ defining custom exception classes with specific properties
// anyhow ≈ catching Exception and wrapping with message:
//   throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to read config", ex);

use std::fs;

// Pattern 1: Recover with a fallback value
let config = fs::read_to_string("config.toml")
    .unwrap_or_else(|_| String::from("port = 8080"));  // default if missing

// Pattern 2: Recover from specific errors, propagate others
fn read_or_create(path: &str) -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
    match fs::read_to_string(path) {
        Ok(content) => Ok(content),
        Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
            let default = String::from("# new file");
            fs::write(path, &default)?;
            Ok(default)
        }
        Err(e) => Err(e),  // propagate permission errors, etc.
    }
}

// Pattern 3: Add context before propagating
use anyhow::Context;

fn load_config() -> anyhow::Result<Config> {
    let text = fs::read_to_string("config.toml")
        .context("Failed to read config.toml")?;
    let config: Config = toml::from_str(&text)
        .context("Failed to parse config.toml")?;
    Ok(config)
}

// Pattern 4: Map errors to your domain type
fn parse_port(s: &str) -> Result<u16, AppError> {
    s.parse::<u16>()
        .map_err(|_| AppError::Validation {
            message: format!("Invalid port: {s}"),
        })
}

// C# equivalents:
try { config = File.ReadAllText("config.toml"); }
catch (FileNotFoundException) { config = "port = 8080"; }  // Pattern 1

try { /* ... */ }
catch (FileNotFoundException) { /* create file */ }        // Pattern 2
catch { throw; }                                            // re-throw others